Vane type hydraulic motor



ep 1950 o. E. ROSAEN 2,521,997

VANE TYPE HYDRAULIC MOTOR Filed Dec. 6, 1946 5 Sheets$heet 1 IN V EN TOR.

3 Oscar E. flasaen 197' 7' DRIVE Y6 Sept. 12, 1950 o. E. ROSAEN VANE TYPE mmmuuc MOTOR 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Dec. 6, 1946 INVENTOR. Oscar f. fiasaen Sept. 12, 1950 o. EfRosAEN 2,521,997

VANE TYPE HYDRAULIC MOTOR Filed Dec. 6, 1946 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR. OJCOI' f. fiasaen ATTORNfYI Patented Sept. 12 1950 VANE TYPE HYDRAULIC MOTOR UNITED} STATES PATENT OFFICE I v A 1; v 1 .Oscar Rosaen, Detroit, Mich.

The present invention relates to hydraulic -motors and specifically to reversible rotary motors of the vane type. 1

' In motors of this type as heretofore known,

one of the difliculties encountered has been the;

control of the vanes in their radial movement in the rotor. Accordingly one of the objects of the present-invention is to provide an efiicient control for the vane movement in both"forward and reverse rotation.

Another object is to provide means for causing positive instant outward movement of the vanes when pressure fluid is admitted to drive the motor in either direction.

Another object is to provide means for causing positive inward movement of the vanes after they have been relieved of the driving pressure and a they move into the fluid outlet zone. 7 Still other objects and advantages will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reference to the following description and the accompanying drawings in which Fig. l is central longitudinal sectional the motor as if on line ll of Fig. 4.

Fig. 2 is a view in elevation of one of the face plates.

Fig. 3 is a similar view of the opposite side of said plate. a Fig. 4 is a sectional view normalto the axis of view of the motor and showing the rotor and enclosing Figs. 6 and '7 are respectively an end view and a central sectional view of a detail.

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of o-neof the vanes. .As indicated in the drawings, the motor comprises the two end members H) and IOA which are zf alike on their inner or opposed faces in that .each is provided with a circular recess ll surrounded by a heavy flange 12, and ineach is an annular chamber into which open the fluid passages and threaded connections M. and 10A are provided with aligned axial passages for the reception of the motor shaft l5, these passages. being enlarged in their outer end portions to receive the nuts I6 and bearings H and HA in which the shaft i5 is mounted.

. -In member Hi, the bearing i7 is preferably covered by means of a suitable cap HB, provided with a tapped opening I'IC serving as a drain for the shaft enclosing space. v V The member MA is arranged to mounta suit- The end members l0" rotor pplication December 6, 1946, Serial No. 715,181 s-claims. (01. 121-92) 2 able mounting flange l 8 and through this extends the splined end of shaft 15.

Between the opposed faces of members In and MA and in the recesses II are the Working and fluid directing elements of the motor. These consist of the ring element 28, the rotor l9 and the two face plates 29R and 20L, the latter and the ring element 28 having a combined thickness slightly greater than the combined depth of the recesses l I so that when the members Ill and IRA are fixed together as by screws IOB, these members l0 and NBA are slightly spaced as shown and leakage prevented by a small gasket MC. The rotor (9 lies Within the ring 28 and is of substantially the thickness of the ring.

The ring 28 is of the form shown in Fig. 5, and is cylindrical With its inner periphery so formed as to be divided into four zones, each a portion of a cylinder, the two opposite zones A and B having equal radii with the intermediate opposite zones C and D also having equal radii but shorter than the radii of A and B.

The short sections between adjacent zones have increasing or decreasing radii so that the surfaces of the adjacent zones merge gradually. Further, through the thicker walls of the ring opposite zones C and D will be provided a plurality of axially arranged passages [8A.

The rotor 19 consists of a cylindrical member of an axial length substantially the same as but slightly less than the axial thickness of ring 28. Its radius is somewhat less than the radius of zones C and D of the ring.

The rotor I9 is provided in its periphery with a plurality of slots 19A open to the periphery but of a depth equal to about half a radius. Further, opposite the bottom of each slot I9A and spaced a short distance is an axial through passage l9B. In each of the slots i 9A will be a vane 59 such as is shown in Fig. 8. This figure shows a laminated vane of two plates having beveled edges adjacent one face on three sidesthe top and two ends. These bevels provide, when the plates are spaced as shown, oil channels leading from the bottom of the slots to the channel at the top. The end channels of course become conduits and the top channel 6| becomes a chamher when the vanes are in the assembly and closely adjacent to or in contact with the face plates 20R and 28L and the ring 28.

A comparatively large central opening surrounded by axially extending bearing fianges 1 53C, provides for the passage of shaft it through the rotor, splines [9D being provided to produce a driving connection betweenthe rotor and shaft.

The face plates 20R and 20L abut the ring 28 and direct fluid flow to and from the rotor. These plates are circular and of the same diametar as ring 28. They have central openings 20A providing bearings for the flanges I96 and are provided with arcuate depressions 20B and 20C in their faces near the periphery. They are also provided with narrower arcuate depressions 20D and 20E adjacent the central opening.

From depressions 280 the large :passages 2! open through the face plate soas to open into chamber !3 and from depressions 20D a plurality of small passages 22 also open to chamber 13.

The two plates 20R and 29L are substantially alike except that they are right and left and when placed in position face to face with the rotor interposed, will be orientedsothat a -.depression 28B of one of them will be opposite a depression 20C of the other.

In addition to the features just described, each :ofwthe platesQEiR and 29L will be provided in its outer face with a seat :for arubber valve ring ill, the outer edges of which will be clamped :be- 'tween'the plates and the bottom of seats 5 l. The .inner .edges of valve rings '30 .will be clamped be- :tween the plates 26R and 20L and a cage element 431 such as isLshown in Figs. 6 and 7.

: This-cage element *3! as-shown in these figures, consists of a cylindrical member having a plu- .-rality of openings MA and having at one end a;p1urality of outwardly extending portions 313 rforming functionally a flange adapted to hold :the inner edge of'valve ring 38 when the parts are assembled. The other end of element 3! will be seated as indicated-on a suitable ledge in the *wallcfchamber 13.

-While the above description refers to ring :36 .as-a:singleelement, it will be cut annularly into .two parts, as indicated by the dividing line 30A, of .unequal width with the outer part somewhat wider than'theinner.

Further, the ring 3t will, asshown, be soseated "and clamped that the unsupported .area on'the =-sideorfaceadjacent chamber '93 will begreater than that on the other face. By .thisarrangement, :more pressure is required to force fluid through the valve toward the rotor chamberthan toforce fluid out of thischamber. It should be under- ':stood that the valves 39. are identical on LbOth .ssides.

IReferring toFig. 3, showing the rear or .valve is a channel connectingipassages 2i, Iisan area :provided with the passages 22, J is the internally threaded flange receiving "a nut Hi.

In the operation of the motor, a suitable fluid, -preferably oil, under pressure, is led into one of the passages it and into -e. gwchamber -13. it enters immediately through passages 22 into the -'depressions (or chambers) 26D and from these directlyto the vane slots 183A under thevanes or indirectly thrcughpassages 9B and connecting openings 19E. I

the pressure in chamber l3 increases,=the valve {51? opens to admit the fluid to the rotor through passages 2! between the vanes to provide theturning movement of the rotor.

The-oil enteringthe passages 2'! and'EZ flows directly to the vane slots and rotor and also through the passages i-SA-and MB .to the opposite side of the rotor so that side thrust in the rotor is eliminated or, more correctly, is deal" anced.

' As the-rotor and the iilledvane-fprcduced chambers arrive at the passages "it in the op i posite face plate, the pressure of oil under the vanes is released while the oil between the vanes passes out through valve 30.

The result of the use of the valves is to create a pressure differential between that beneath the vanes in the slots and that between the vanes. This pressure difference provides for the positive outward movement at the time of oil inlet and the positive inward movement of the vanes at theLtimeof oil outlet.

*The pressure *in thdpassagesl 22 will, during oil inlet, be higher than the pressure in passages 2! leading to between the vanes. However, the pressure of the vanes against the ring 28 will be less than that behind the vanes because of the balancing chamber 6| in the vane end. At the outlet side the pressure between the vanes will be higher than that in the outgoing passages 22 becausaof the valve 30 so that there is a positive movement of the vanes inwardly of the slots.

Because of themounting of the valves :30 as shown, the pressure difference at the inlet I'SidB is greater than that at the outlet-side, more .of .the area of the flexible members being supported '-on the rotor chamber side than on the other.

Further, by providing the through-passages I 8A the ring 28 and the through passages l-9B in the rotor, the incoming oil under pressure flowsv to bothside faces of the rotor and then to the vanes and slots, thus eliminating side thrust on. the

crater.

It should be noted further-that by using separate parts ZURand 23L as fluid distributing-elemerits, it is possible to make these and the ring .:28.=oi a different metal or metals than the housingmembers l0 and IDA. Such construction also enables the valves 38 to be of small bulk and to be so installed as .not .to interfere withproper .fluid ,-I claim:

, l. -In-a reversible vane type fluid motor a slotted rotor with substantially radially .movable vanesinsaidslots, a single pressure fluid supply leading to said:-slots,:under the vanes and to-the inter-vane Spacealmeans :to divide the :fluid supply between conduit means leading to said slots :and conduit .means leading to the inter-vane spaces, the latter conduit means including an :annular conduit provided with a valve consisting ;of :two concentric annuli of flat flexible material having the inner edge of the innermost and the outer1-edge f the outermost fixed, and having :their adjacent edgesabutting.

.2. In .a reversible vane type fluid'motor a slotted rotor with substantially radially movable z'vanes-in said slots, a single pressure fluid supply leading to -said slots under the vanes and to the intervane spaces, fluid outlet means, means to'controlsaid supply whereby the fluid entering said :intervane spaces is at, a-lower pressure than thatzentering said slots and means to control said outlet means to provide for higher pressure in the intervane spaces than in the slots, said inlet and outlet control means being interchangeable, seachzofr sai'dcontrol means consisting of a valve .aconsisting. ofitwoconcentric annuli of flatflexilble material-having the inner edge of the-innermost theouter Ledge of the outermost fixed, and .havingitheir adjacent edges abutting.

3. In a vane type fluid-motor having a-radially slotte'd irotor with radially movable vanes mountedin said slots, a single pressure fluid supply means leading to-the slots under said vanes and to the intervane spaces, a single fluid outlet for-the fluid in said slots and between the vanes,

means in said inlet for partially blocking the flow to the intervane spaces and means in said outlet for partially blocking the now from said spaces, the first mentioned blocking means adapted to ofier greater resistance to flow than the second, said blocking means each consisting of two concentric annuli of flat flexible material having the inner edge of the innermost and the outer edge of the outermost fixed, and having their adjacent edges abutting, the means for fixing the edges of all of said annuli extending over the latter a greater distance diametrically on the face toward the vanes than on the opposite face.

OSCAR E. ROBAEN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in-the file of this patent:

6 UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Number Germany Jan. 20, 1933 

